Multi-objective optimization of integrated energy systems considering ladder-type carbon emission trading and refined load demand response

In this paper, a novel multi-objective optimization model of integrated energy systems (IESs) is proposed based on ladder-type carbon emission trading mechanism and refined load demand response strategies. First, the carbon emission trading mechanism is introduced into the optimal scheduling of IESs, and a ladder-type carbon emission cost calculation model based on reward and penalty is established to strictly control the carbon emissions of the system. Then, according to different response characteristics of electric load and heating load, a refined load demand response model is built based on price elasticity matrix and substitutability of energy supply mode. On these basis, a multi-objective optimization model of IESs is established, which aims to minimize the total operating cost and the renewable energy source (RES) curtailment. Finally, based on typical case studies, the simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the economic benefits of IESs and the utilization efficiency of RESs.