Cyber-physical resilience enhancement for power transmission systems with energy storage systems

In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most of the resilience research in power systems only considers faults on the physical side, which would lead to overly idealistic results. This paper proposes a two-stage cyber-physical resilience enhancement method considering energy storage (ES) systems. The first stage calculates the optimal planning of ES systems, and the second stage assesses the resilience and the enhancement of ES systems during the disaster. In the proposed model, cyber faults indirectly damage the system by disabling the monitoring and control function of the control center. As a result, when the detection and response process of physical faults are blocked by cyber failures, serious load shedding occurs. Such a cyber-physical coupling mechanism of fault, response, restoration process is demonstrated in the modified IEEE Reliable Test System-79 (RTS-79). Simulation results show that compared with the physical-only system, the cyber-physical system has a more accurate but degraded resilient performance. Besides, ES systems setting at proper place effectively enhance the resilience of the cyber-physical transmission system with less load shedding occurs.