Flame-retardant textile structural composites for construction application: a review

Composites are popular in construction engineering due to their low water absorption, good chemical and corrosion resistance, lightweight, high specific strength, high specific modulus, and low thermal conductivity. The flame retardancy (FR) of composite materials has increasingly become the focus of attention in the field of construction engineering. With growing awareness of personal and property safety, a wide range of flame-retardant composites has been developed over the years through research and development. The FR of an unmodified polymer composite is not optimal, and therefore, many innovative methods for making more advanced flame-retardant materials have been developed. The aim of this review is to provide detailed literature on flame-retardant composites. The structure of this paper consists of evolution of flame-retardant materials, their manufacturing techniques, flame-retardant composites, their properties and characterization, applications, and challenges related to of FR composites. The primary focus of this review is to analyze the mechanism of fire retardancy and to summarize the preparation of flame-retardant polymer materials by adding various flame-retardant agents. Graphical abstract