Integrated omics-based exploration for temperature stress resilience: An approach to smart grape breeding strategies

Crop resilience measures must be strengthened in response to the global climate impact. Temperature stress exacerbates the impact on crop growth and grain yield, threatening the sustainability of grapevine production and dependent wine industries. Grape (Vitis spp.) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops in the world, as well as the most economically important fruit. However, grape yield and quality are highly dependent on environmental conditions, particularly temperature stress. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control grapevine responses to environmental stresses and the development of stress-resilient varieties have markedly advanced through the rapid evolution of high-throughput sequencing technologies, state-of-the-art multi-omics analytic platforms, and automated phenotyping facilities. In the current review, we summarized recent genomic progress and omics-based breakthroughs in grapes that have contributed to abiotic stress tolerance via genetic strategies during the last decades. Furthermore, we delve into prospective challenges and opportunities pertaining to the use of multi-omics-based breeding strategies aimed at designing climate-resilient grape varieties. Advances in highly efficient de novo or re-domestication histories, as well as the characterization of numerous trait genes using various omics tools, are also discussed. By describing the underlying mechanisms of crop adaptability and future breeding strategies to meet demand due to population bursts in the following decades while keeping climate change in mind, the information will offer potential solutions for sustainable grape and wine businesses.