A blockchain-based framework for carbon management towards construction material and product certification

•Proposed a blockchain-based framework and a blockchain-aided certification workflow for secure carbon management.•Developed a blockchain data model with multi-level privacy for carbon certification.•Developed a fine-grained privacy-preserving carbon data-sharing strategy integrating asymmetric and homomorphic encryption.•Developed smart contracts with granular access control to restrict user interactions with blockchain.•Results show that the framework can facilitate transparency, reliability, and traceability in carbon certification.