Epidemiology and effects of sociodemographic factors on extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ambala, India

•The study showed that 29.66% of TB cases were cases of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB).•Pleural TB was the top extra-pulmonary TB, accounting for 27% of cases. During 2018 to 2022, pleural and skeletal TB increased while abdominal TB decreased.•Multiple logistic regression showed that increasing age, female gender, and higher BMI were associated with higher odds of developing extra-pulmonary TB.•The study found that gender and diabetes had the biggest effect on lymph node TB, while BMI had the greatest effect on pleural TB.•The study highlights the need for further research on the relationship between TB and malnutrition, as well as the potential role of environmental and genetic factors in the development of extra-pulmonary TB.