Modern Technologies and Solutions to Enhance Surveillance and Response Systems for Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

Zoonotic diseases originating from animals pose a significant threat to global public health. Recent outbreaks, such as COVID-19, have caused widespread illness, death, and socioeconomic disruptions worldwide. To effectively combat these diseases, it is crucial to strengthen surveillance capabilities and establish rapid response systems. This review examines modern technologies and solutions that have the potential to enhance zoonotic disease surveillance and outbreak response. The review discusses advanced tools including big data analytics, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, geographic information systems, remote sensing, molecular diagnostics, point-of-care testing, telemedicine, digital contact tracing, and early warning systems. These technologies enable real-time monitoring, prediction of outbreak risks, early anomaly detection, rapid diagnosis, and targeted interventions during outbreaks. When integrated thoughtfully through collaborative partnerships, they have the potential to significantly improve the speed and effectiveness of zoonotic disease control. However, several challenges persist, particularly in resource-limited settings, including infrastructure limitations, costs, data integration, training requirements, and ethical implementation. With strategic planning and coordinated efforts, modern technologies and solutions offer immense potential to bolster surveillance and outbreak response, serving as a critical arsenal against emerging zoonotic disease threats worldwide.