Prevalence of infertility and pregnancy loss among individuals with kidney disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Background: Hispanic/Latino individuals are less likely to receive optimal treatment for chronic kidney disease than non-Hispanic whites. This may be particularly detrimental for women of reproductive age as chronic kidney disease increases risk for infertility, menstrual irregularities, and pregnancy loss. While these maternal outcomes have been associated with advanced chronic kidney disease, their occurrence in early chronic kidney disease is unclear.Objectives/Design: Using baseline (2008-2011) and second study visit (2014-2017) data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we retrospectively assessed the prevalence of chronic kidney disease as well as the association between chronic kidney disease and self-reported infertility, cessation of menses, hysterectomy, and nonviable pregnancy loss (experienced at less than 24 weeks gestation) in women of reproductive age (18-45 years).Methods: Multivariable survey logistic regression analyses determined the unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals between chronic kidney disease and the separate outcomes.Results: Among 2589 Hispanic/Latino women included (mean age = 31.4 years), 4.6% were considered to have chronic kidney disease. In adjusted analyses, women with chronic kidney disease did not have a significantly increased odds of infertility (odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.42-2.49), cessation of menses (odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 0.52-3.04), or hysterectomy (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.61-2.25) compared to those without chronic kidney disease. In those with chronic kidney disease, the adjusted odds of a nonviable pregnancy loss occurring after baseline visit were increased (odds ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.63-7.02) but not statistically significance.Conclusion: The presence of early stage chronic kidney disease did not confer a significant risk of infertility, cessation of menses, or nonviable pregnancy loss. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a population-based study of over 16,000 Hispanic/Latino individuals throughout the United States. Within this cohort, we assessed the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in women of reproductive age (18-45 years old) and the associations between kidney disease and infertility, cessation of menses, and nonviable pregnancy loss (loss occurring before the 24th week of pregnancy). We found that kidney disease affected 1 in 20 women of reproductive age and those with kidney disease were more likely to have obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Compared to those without kidney disease, the presence of kidney disease did not increase risk of infertility, cessation of menses, or nonviable pregnancy loss.