In situ assembly of well-dispersed Fe0.64Ni0.36 nanoparticles on electro-spun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for efficient microwave absorption

The rapid development of electronic information technology makes the impact of electromagnetic waves on human life more and more prominent. Through electrospinning and high-temperature carbonization processes, we composited magnetic nanoparticles and carbon fibers and successfully embedded Fe–Ni nanoparticles into nanofibers uniformly. Through the comparative study of the alloy particle concentration in the composite material, we found that the Fe0.64Ni0.36@CNF composite material with an appropriate composition exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance. When the matching thickness is 4 mm, the minimum reflection loss can reach − 34.21 dB at 8.6 GHz frequency, the maximum EAB reaches 5 GHz (11.9–16.9 GHz), and the comprehensive EAB is 10.8 GHz. Our results show that magnetic nanoparticles can regulate the electromagnetic parameters of carbon materials to a certain extent, and reasonable compounding can make them have better impedance matching and attenuation characteristics.