A Diffusion-Leakage Model Coupled with Dose Point Kernels (DPK) for Dosimetry of Diffusing Alpha-Emitters Radiation Therapy (Dart).

Background: Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (DaRT) is a novel brachytherapy technique that leverages the diffusive flow of 224Ra progeny within the tumor volume over the course of the treatment. Cell killing is achieved by the emitted alpha particles that have a short range in tissue and high linear energy transfer. The current proposed absorbed dose calculation method for DaRT is based on a diffusion-leakage (DL) model that neglects absorbed dose from beta particles. PurposeThis work aimed to couple the DL model with dose point kernels (DPKs) to account for dose from beta particles as well as to consider the non-local deposition of energy. Methods: The DaRT seed was modeled using COMSOL multiphysics and the DL model was implemented to extract the spatial information of the diffusing daughters. Using Monte-Carlo (MC) methods, DPKs were generated for 212Pb, 212Bi, and their progenies since they were considered to be the dominant beta emitters in the 224Ra radioactive decay chain. A convolution operation was performed between the integrated number densities of the diffusing daughters and DPKs to calculate the total absorbed dose over a 30-day treatment period. Both high-diffusion and low-diffusion cases were considered. Results: The calculated DPKs showed non-negligible energy deposition over several millimeters from the source location. An absorbed dose >10 Gy was deposited within a 1.8 mm radial distance for the low diffusion case and a 2.2 mm radial distance for the high diffusion case. When the DPK method was compared with the local energy deposition method that solely considered dose from alpha particles, differences above 1 Gy were found within 1.3 and 1.8 mm radial distances from the surface of the source for the low diffusion and high diffusion cases, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method enhances the accuracy of the dose calculation method used for the DaRT technique.