Paenibacillus Glufosinatiresistens Sp. Nov., a Glufosinate-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Sludge.

A Gram- stain- positive bacterium capable of resisting 5.0 mM glufosinate, designated strain YX- 27T, was isolated from a sludge sample collected from a factory in Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China. Cells were rod- shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore- forming, and motile by peritrichous flagella. Growth was observed at 15-42 degrees C (optimum at 30 degrees C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.5% NaCl (w/v; optimum, 0.5 %). Strain YX- 27T could tolerate up to 6.0 mM glufosinate. Strain YX- 27T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Paenibacillus tianjinensis TB2019T (96.17 %), followed by Paenibacillus odorifer DSM 1539T (96.15 %), Paenibacillus sophorae S27T (96.04 %), Paenibacillus apii 7124T (96.02 %) and Paenibacillus stellifer DSM 14472T (95.87 %). The phylogenetic tree based on genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YX- 27T was clustered in the genus Paenibacillus but formed a separate clade. The genome size of YX- 27T was 5.22 Mb with a G+C content of 57.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the genomes of strain YX- 27T and 12 closely related type strains ranged from 70.8 to 74.8% and 19.8 to 23.0 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:0, anteiso-C15: 0 and iso- C16:0. The major polar lipids were one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylethanolamine, one phosphatidylglycerol, one phospholipid, four aminophospholipids and four unidentified lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK - 7. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain YX- 27T was considered to represent a novel species for which the name Paenibacillus glufosinatiresistens sp. nov. is proposed, with YX- 27T (=MCCC 1K08803T= KCTC 43611T) as the type strain.