Cooperation of Distributed Renewable Generation and Battery Energy Storage in Virtual Power Plants for Frequency Regulation Service

The power system is rapidly integrating renewable energy sources to move towards an energy-efficient and environment-friendly future, especially under the trend of gradual retirement of thermal generators. Renewable power generation and battery energy storage are significantly complementary when participating in energy markets and ancillary service (AS) markets simultaneously. This paper proposed a cooperative scheme for rooftop photovoltaic (PV), wind power generation and battery energy storage system (BESS) taking part in the energy market and frequency control ancillary service markets simultaneously in virtual power plant (VPP) environment and the corresponding optimal bidding strategy in multiple energy markets. The integrated system can provide not only better services to power grid but also considerable profits to each market participator. The feasibility of the cooperative scheme and optimal bidding strategies are later proved through various case studies.