Precision medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastases

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignant diseases, ranks second in morbidity and third in mortality among all cancers worldwide1. The liver is the most common site of distant metastasis in CRC. Liver metastasis is also the main cause of death in patients with CRC. Approximately 25％ of patients with CRC have liver metastasis detected at the initial diagnosis, and approximately 50％ of patients eventu-ally develop liver metastasis during disease progression. Liver metastasis severely affects the prognosis of patients with CRC. In recent years, with deepening understanding of the occur-rence and development of CRC liver metastasis (CRLM), many targeted drugs have been approved for use, and surgical techniques have increasingly been optimized. Although the prognosis of patients has improved, overall treatment efficacy remains unsatisfactory2.