Pattern of encounters to emergency departments for suicidal attempts in France: Identification of high-risk days, months and holiday periods

Introduction Seasonal change in patterns of suicidal attempts is not well known in France and may differ from other western countries. We aimed to determine the peak times (days, months and holiday periods) of suicidal attempts in France. Methods We carried out a multicentre retrospective epidemiological study, using data from the Organization for Coordinated Monitoring of Emergencies (OSCOUR®) network. We aggregated daily data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Variations in suicidal attempts on specific days were investigated by comparing their frequencies (ad hoc Z-scores). Results 114,805,488 ED encounters were recorded including 233,242 ED encounters regarding suicidal attempts. Men accounted for 45.7%. A significantly higher frequency of ED encounters for suicidal acts were found on Sundays in the months of May-June for both sexes and on New Year's Day for all genders and age groups. An increased risk was also noted on July 14th (National Day) and June 22nd (Summer Solstice). A protective effect was noted on the day after Valentine's Day, on Christmas Day and Christmas time (in particular December 24 and 26). Conclusion Sundays, June, New Year's Day were at increased risk of suicidal attempts in France requiring a strengthening of prevention.