Swimmers at Interfaces Enhance Interfacial Transport
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The behavior of fluid interfaces far from equilibrium plays central roles in
nature and in industry. Active swimmers trapped at interfaces can alter
transport at fluid boundaries with far reaching implications. Swimmers can
become trapped at interfaces in diverse configurations and swim persistently in
these surface adhered states. The self-propelled motion of bacteria makes them
ideal model swimmers to understand such effects. We have recently characterized
the swimming of interfacially-trapped Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 moving in
pusher mode. The swimmers adsorb at the interface with pinned contact lines,
which fix the angle of the cell body at the interface and constrain their
motion. Thus, most interfacially-trapped bacteria swim along circular paths.
Fluid interfaces form incompressible two-dimensional layers, altering leading
order interfacial flows generated by the swimmers from those in bulk. In our
previous work, we have visualized the interfacial flow around a pusher
bacterium and described the flow field using two dipolar hydrodynamic modes;
one stresslet mode whose symmetries differ from those in bulk, and another bulk
mode unique to incompressible fluid interfaces. Based on this understanding,
swimmers-induced tracer displacements and swimmer-swimmer pair interactions are
explored using analysis and experiment. The settings in which multiple
interfacial swimmers with circular motion can significantly enhance interfacial
transport of tracers or promotemixing of other swimmers on the interface are
identified through simulations and compared to experiment. This study
identifies important factors of general interest regarding swimmers on or near
fluid boundaries, and in the design of biomimetic swimmers to enhance transport
at interfaces
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