Astronomical Image Processing Benchmark Study for Various Telescope Aperture Shapes
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
We explore the impact of different telescope apertures on the image
simulation and deconvolution processes within the context of a synthetic star
field. Using HCIPy and Python programming, we modelled six telescope apertures
namely Circular, Hexagonal, Elliptical (with horizontal and vertical major
axes), segmented hexagonal (JWST), and obstructed circular (HST). We calculated
Point Spread Functions (PSFs) for each aperture, incorporating surface
shape-induced wavefront aberrations, convolved them with a synthetic star field
spanning a range of brightness magnitudes, and introduced photon and detector
noise layers to simulate realistic imaging conditions. Subsequent deconvolution
using the Richardson-Lucy algorithm allowed for an analysis of deconvolution
accuracy based on parameters like average distance between stars and
differences in the number of stars between original and deconvolved images.
Results indicate that the choice of telescope aperture significantly influences
both simulated images and deconvolution outcomes, with brightness magnitude
also playing a crucial role. The study highlights the necessity of optimizing
image processing pipelines and Deconvolution algorithms tailored to each
aperture shapes and their corresponding PSFs, emphasizing the pivotal role of
aperture selection and optimization in achieving accurate astronomical imaging
performance.
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