Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

This study applies satellite constellations in Internet of Things (IoT) communications, specifically within low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies in the NewSpace context. It comprehensively categorizes and describes the functionality and typology of low Earth orbits (LEOs), examines the societal impacts of these technologies, and provides an in-depth analysis of IoT communication architectures and protocols utilizing satellites. Additionally, the study identifies and addresses the challenges faced in this domain while highlighting future trends and developments. By collating and synthesizing pertinent information, this research offers a thorough overview of the opportunities and challenges in this evolving field of study.