Plasma Antioxidant Potential Measured by Total Radical Trapping Antioxidant Parameter in a Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background Oxidative injury has been implicated as a mediator of demyelination, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a high demand for oxidative injury biomarkers. The aim of the study was to evaluate MS patients' plasma antioxidant potential using the total radical trapping parameter (TRAP) assay and examine its usefulness as an MS disease biomarker.Methods A total number of 112 MS patients underwent an analysis of TRAP. In addition, plasma uric acid (UA) levels were analyzed. The neurological and radiological data were collected from patient records from Helsinki University Hospital during 2012-2013 when first-line injectables of moderate-efficacy, natalizumab (NTZ), and fingolimod (FTY) of high efficacy disease modifying therapies and in some cases azathioprine (AZT) were used to treat MS.Results TRAP values were negatively associated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score with p-value .052, beta = -28. There was also a negative association in TRAP values between patients with no medication (n = 22, TRAP mean 1255 mu mol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 1136-1374)) and patients who received NTZ, p-value .020 (n = 19, TRAP mean was 991 mu mol/L (95% CI 849-1133) or FTY treatment, p-value .030 (n = 5, TRAP mean 982 mu mol/L (95% CI 55-1909). Due to a small sample size, these results were not significant after applying a false discovery rate correction at a 0.05 significance level but are worth highlighting. Men in the study had higher TRAP values, p-value = .001 (TRAP mean 1320 +/- 293 mu mol/L) than women (TRAP mean 1082 +/- 288 mu mol/L). UA was positively associated with TRAP values, p-value <.001 and UA levels in men (UA mean 334.5 +/- 62.6 mu mol/L) were higher compared to women (UA mean 240 +/- 55.8 mu mol/L), t-test p-value <.001. The significant difference in TRAP levels between genders, with men showing higher TRAP values than women, may be attributed to the variation in UA levels.Conclusion Our findings suggest that lower plasma antioxidant potential is linked to more severe disability measured by EDSS scores. Patients treated with NTZ and FTY had reduced antioxidant power, which might be influenced by the active MS disease rather than the treatments themselves. The study reveals a strong positive correlation between UA levels and TRAP, particularly among women. However, men on average had better antioxidant potential than women. Neither the disease type nor the duration influences TRAP levels. While serving as a marker of antioxidant potential, plasma TRAP in MS patients does not reliably reflect overall oxidative stress (OS) and should not be solely used as an indicator of OS.