Current and future trends in whole genome sequencing in cancer.

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge affecting millions of lives annually. For decades, con-ventional cancer treatments used a one-size-fits-all approach, overlooking the intricate genetic variations that drive tumors. The emergence of cancer genom-ics has ushered in a new era of personalized and tar-geted cancer therapies. The Human Genome Project, which was launched in 1990 and completed in 2003, and the advent of next-generation sequencing technol-ogy, which has dramatically increased the efficiency of genome decoding, have dramatically accelerated cancer genomics. Cancer genome sequencing efforts began in 2005, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In 2007, the first whole-h-uman genome sequence, which was generated through next generation sequencing, was published1. The first clinical application of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for the rearranged dur-ing transfection (RET) fusion gene in tongue cancer was reported in 20102. By 2030, hundreds of millions of patients with cancer will have had their genomes sequenced.