Enhanced energy storage efficiency with NbSnMoS₂ nanosheets as electrode material in hybrid supercapacitor devices

NbSnMoS2 material with an enhanced extrinsic nature was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and employed as an electrode for hybrid supercapacitor application (HSC). X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure formation in NbSnMoS2 material. A morphology with nanosheets, along with clustered nanoparticles, was identified in NbSnMoS2 using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The presence of Nb4+/5+, Sn4+, Mo4+, S2-, and O2- compositional states in NbSnMoS2 was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical three-electrode system benefited from the intensified van der Waals interaction and enriched sulfur-edged active sites, therefore, a high specific capacitance of 536.2 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) was gained by the NbSnMoS2 electrode. The facile ion transport pathway was enhanced by the smooth electrode/electrolyte interface formation, whereby the constructed NbSnMoS2//AC HSC device showed energy and power density of 25.04 W h kg(-1) and 800 W kg(-1). The HSC device retained 99.21 and 93.99% of its coulombic efficiency and capacity retention for 10 000 cycles. The results prove that NbSnMoS2 is a novel material for the development of commercial supercapacitors.