Achieving excellent energy storage performance with thermal stability in lead-free AgNbO₃ ceramics

Large hysteresis and low energy density of pure AgNbO3 ceramics limit their further application in pulsed power techniques. Here, less-harmful Sm2O3-modified AgNbO3 antiferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by a rolling process, in order to improve the energy storage performance. All the Sm2O3-doped samples display reduced hysteresis due to disrupted long-range order, as certified by Raman spectra. As expected, due to the large dielectric breakdown strength and reduced hysteresis, an improved energy storage density, W-rec, of 5.85 J cm(-3) and satisfactory energy efficiency, eta, of 77% can be simultaneously achieved in the studied antiferroelectric ceramics, showing great superiority over other bulk electronic ceramics. Along with excellent temperature stability within the range of 20-150 degrees C at 320 kV cm(-1) (W-rec > 4.3 J cm(-3), with minimal variation of <= 4%) in the studied samples, this shows that AgNbO3-based environmentally friendly ceramics are promising materials for pulsed power techniques.