Design and Simulation of Metasurface-Enhanced Graphene Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Detection

The emergence of biosensors designed for detecting cancer biomarkers has significant potential in the field of early cancer diagnosis and intervention. Biosensors incorporating graphene as a key component have demonstrated notable levels of sensitivity in identifying cancer-related biomolecules; this study introduces an innovative biosensor for early cancer detection by integrating graphene with a metasurface based on a gold nanooctagonal structure. The metasurface enhances the optical properties of graphene, significantly improving sensitivity and selectivity. This paper presents the design and simulation of the biosensor for cancer detection. The biosensor demonstrates successful detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum samples, achieving a peak sensitivity of 800 GHz/RIU and a detection limit of 0.328 RIU −1 . Impressive resolution and Figure of Merit (FOM) metrics of 0.298 and 3.789 RIU −1 , respectively, highlight the sensor’s ability to discern subtle variations with high sensitivity and specificity .