The mitochondria-paraspeckle axis regulates the survival of transplanted stem cells under oxidative stress conditions

Rationale: Stem cell -based therapies have emerged as promising tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but their therapeutic efficacy is largely limited by the oxidative stress -induced loss of transplanted cells at injured tissue sites. To address this issue, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism and protective strategy of ROS-induced MSC loss. Methods: Changes in TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A) signaling, mitochondrial function, DNA damage, apoptosis and senescence in MSCs under oxidative stress conditions were assessed using real-time PCR, western blotting and RNA sequencing, etc. The impact of TFAM or lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) knockdown or overexpression on mitochondrial function, DNA damage repair, apoptosis and senescence in MSCs was also analyzed. The effect of mitochondrion -targeted antioxidant (Mito-TEMPO) on the survival of transplanted MSCs was evaluated in a mouse model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Results: Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) bursts caused defects in TFAM signaling and overall mitochondrial function, which further impaired NEAT1 expression and its mediated paraspeckle formation and DNA repair pathways in MSCs, thereby jointly promoting MSC senescence and death under oxidative stress. In contrast, targeted inhibition of the mtROS bursts is a sufficient strategy for attenuating early transplanted MSC loss at injured tissue sites, and coadministration of Mito-TEMPO improved the local retention of transplanted MSCs and reduced oxidative injury in ischemic kidneys. Conclusions: This study identified the critical role of the mitochondria-paraspeckle axis in regulating cell survival and may provide insights into developing advanced stem cell therapies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.