Expansion dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a synthetic magnetic field
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We investigate the expansion dynamics of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein
condensates subjected to a synthetic magnetic field, after their release from
an external harmonic trap. Our findings reveal that the condensate experiences
a spin-dependent rotation and separation due to the rigid-like rotational
velocity field, which leads to a spin density deflection. The deflection angle
reaches a peak at a time that is inversely related to the frequency of the
harmonic trap. When the detuning gradient is below a critical value for vortex
nucleation, our analytical results derived from a spinor hydrodynamic theory
align closely with numerical results using the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii
equations. Beyond this critical value, we also numerically simulated the
expansion dynamics of the condensates containing vortices with negative
circulation. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the rigid-like
rotational velocity field on the dynamics of the condensate and may stimulate
further experimental investigations into the rich superfluid dynamics induced
by synthetic magnetic fields.
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