A Novel Tiling Technique Via an Evolutionary Strategy for Large-Scale Irregular Arrays

A novel design method is proposed for large-scale irregular planar phased arrays (PAs) to address the performance decay resulting from limited scanning. Initially, a deterministic array tiling technique (TT) is proposed to suppress grating lobes and maximize the radiation field. Then, the evolution strategy (ES) is combined with the TT to efficiently optimize the array configuration. The resulting array is well-suited for established beamforming schemes, allowing for the synthesis of desired radiation power patterns. Several numerical examples are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, the concept of tapered tiled arrays is introduced for ultralarge-scale tiled array design. This approach is used to investigate the effect of an asymmetric array structure on the radiation power patterns and yields conclusions on achieving consistent limited scanning performance across all azimuthal planes.