Cell-Based Vaccines: Frontiers in Medical Technology for Cancer Treatment

Cancer is now regarded as one of the significant public health concerns, and it is predicted to overtake cardiovascular diseases in 2060. Accordingly, there is a need for new, powerful medications to decrease the impact of cancer. Herein, metastatic tumors can be prevented or eliminated using preventative and therapeutic cancer vaccinations, especially cell-based types. However, further studies are needed in such a field. Therefore, the authors have reviewed the significance of cancer prevention, treatment, and management measures, particularly the use of cell-based vaccines. In order to find research on cell-based vaccinations and cancer therapies, we searched the literature using a combination of keywords to obtain publications published in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science between the years 2000 and 2023. Relevant and highly referenced articles were selected for this list. In this review, we discuss the different types of cancer vaccines especially cell-based types. Further, we summarize related preclinical and clinical studies and also the ethical considerations. Present studies confirm the beneficial results of cell-based vaccines. Advancements of cancer management and immunotherapy have successfully elicited anti-cancer immune responses using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells treatment, natural killer (NK) cell therapy, CAR-NK cell therapy, and cell-based vaccines. Research has shown that powerful drugs are needed to decrease the consequences of cancer. In recent years, many types of immunotherapy have made considerable advancements in the treatment of cancer. These consist of NK cell treatment, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-T cell therapy. Recently, advancements in cancer vaccines, such as immunizations based on cells, have been made. Spreading cancers can now be totally prevented or halted thanks to prophylactic and cancer-specific vaccines. However, further research is needed to understand and progress in this area of treatment fully.