Brief Report: Evaluating the Impact of Perioperative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in the Treatment of Patients with Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

•Resectable NSCLC has a high recurrence rate of 30-55%. Neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or perioperative combination of ICIs and CTX improved survival outcomes and response rates compared to CTX alone. Our meta-analysis of 11 RCTs suggests that neoadjuvant or perioperative treatment resulted in more favorable OS, EFS, and pathological response rates, supporting the use of these treatment regimens in this patient population. Meanwhile, adjuvant ICI significantly improved DFS with a trend towards improvement in OS.•Positive PD-L1 status, non-squamous histology, and stage III achieved a more profound EFS advantage. A longer, perioperative regimen might be required to improve survival outcomes in subgroups that obtained less advantage from ICI, such as squamous histology. Other clinical factors, such as age, sex, race, and geographical location, did not modify the benefit obtained from ICI, exhibiting the generalizability of ICI in different demographics.•Head-to-head studies to compare neoadjuvant versus perioperative ICI and the duration of adjuvant ICI should be further investigated to determine the optimal sequence and duration of ICI in patients with resectable NSCLC.