Narrative Review of Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Unveiling Novel Therapeutic Frontiers

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) have evolved from their initial role as anti-diabetic drugs to garner recognition for their remarkable cardio-protective and reno-protective attributes. They have become a crucial component of therapeutic guidelines for congestive heart failure and proteinuric chronic kidney disease. These benefits extend beyond glycemic control, as improvements in cardiovascular and renal outcomes occur swiftly. Recent studies have unveiled the immunomodulatory properties of SGLT2 inhibitors, shedding light on their potential to influence the immune system and inflammation. This comprehensive review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on the immune system and inflammation, focusing on preclinical and clinical evidence. The review delves into their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects, offering insights into clinical implications and exploring emerging research areas related to their prospective immunomodulatory impact.