Jaboticaba peel improves post-prandial glucose and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial in adults with metabolic syndrome

The modulation of glucose metabolism through dietary sources has been recognized as one of the most sustainable approaches for preventing of cardiometabolic diseases. While fibers and phenolic compounds derived from jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) peel have demonstrated improvements in metabolic pathways in preclinical models, their beneficial effects in clinical trials remain to be fully determined. This study aimed to assess the impact of jaboticaba peel powder (JP) supplementation on glucose metabolism compared to a placebo in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A single-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 49 individuals with MetS was conducted. Participants were assigned to receive either a JP supplement (15 g/day) or a matched placebo. Anthropometry measurements, body composition, blood pressure, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, and a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) were assessed at weeks 0 and 5. A daily intake of JP improved the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (p = 0.025) and the interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p = 0.045). No significant time × treatment effects were observed for blood pressure, body weight, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), inflammatory cytokines t tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin sensitivity and resistance indexes. JP supplementation may be a promising approach for managing MetS disorders, potentially by reducing the AUC for glucose and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. This research is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8wwq9t).