Targeted gene delivery through receptors with lipid nanoparticles

Receptor-mediated gene delivery uses specific cell surface components for pDNA uptake in vivo and in vitro and improves therapeutic efficiency by accumulating drugs in targeted tissues. Receptor overexpression impacts cancer biodistribution, toxicity, cell binding, uptake, and therapeutic functionality. Different ligand-pDNA and antibody-pDNA complexes were produced which after attaching to cells, can internalize and enter the endosomal compartment. Moreover, these receptor-mediated complexes utilize endosmotic elements for vector release and nucleus transcription. Hence, during the development and utilization of such vector systems, it is crucial to consider certain essential phases that are involved in receptor-mediated gene delivery. This comprehensive review explores gene delivery mechanisms involving receptors and cell surface molecules. It covers diverse aspects, including targeting vectors, gene delivery to various cell types utilizing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and comparative analysis of receptor-mediated and lipid nanoparticle gene therapies. Additionally, it discusses the positive and negative aspects of employing nanoparticles with DNA, mRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9.