Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and spillover effects of carbon emissions from shipping trade in EU coastal countries

The shipping industry is responsible for 80% of world's trade and transportation, plays a pivotal role in the global economy, even now facing a decarbonylative trial. With the challenges of climate change, analyzing the spatialtemporal characteristics and driving factors of carbon emissions from international shipping has become a prerequisite for controlling greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide emissions. On this basis, this study introduces the data of 19 coastal countries in the European Union (EU) to build the weighting matrices and spatial Durbin model to reflect the spatial -temporal characteristics and driving factors. The observations reflect that the carbon emissions from shipping trade in the EU coastal countries have a positive spatial correlation and spatial clustering. Additionally, the driving factors not only affect the domestic region, but also cause the spillover effect. Further, the spatial spillover effects of driving factors still exist in both the short-term and longterm perspectives, where that in the short-term perspective is more obvious.