Demonstrating efficient and robust bosonic state reconstruction via optimized excitation counting

Quantum state reconstruction is an essential element in quantum information processing. However, efficient and reliable reconstruction of non-trivial quantum states in the presence of hardware imperfections can be challenging. This task is particularly demanding for high-dimensional states encoded in continuous-variable (CV) systems, as many error-prone measurements are needed to cover the relevant degrees of freedom of the system in phase space. In this work, we introduce an efficient and robust technique for optimized reconstruction based on excitation number sampling (ORENS). We use a standard bosonic circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) setup to experimentally demonstrate the robustness of ORENS and show that it outperforms the existing cQED reconstruction techniques such as Wigner tomography and Husimi Q-function. Our investigation highlights that ORENS is naturally free of parasitic system dynamics and resilient to decoherence effects in the hardware. Finally, ORENS relies only on the ability to accurately measure the excitation number of the state, making it a versatile and accessible tool for a wide range of CV platforms and readily scalable to multimode systems. Thus, our work provides a crucial and valuable primitive for practical quantum information processing using bosonic modes.