A study of irreversibility on nonlinear thermal radiation and MHD flow of Casson and Carreau ternary hybrid nanofluid over a vertical porous plate: Numerical and statistical approach

This study looks at the effects of entropy generation on the flow of Casson and Carreau fluid ternary hybrid nanofluid over vertical plates with nonlinear thermal radiation. In this model, we used three different metals: gold (Au), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver (Ag) with the basic fluid being blood. The Homotopy Perturbation Method utilizes self-similarity to transform the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations to solve them. The findings of the Numerical Method (NM) are compared to those of the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and HPM produces more dependable results. We use graphs to express the changes experienced by the entropy, temperature, velocity, and the Bejan number which are affected by the physical properties of the Casson and Carreau fluids, such as porosity, magnetic field, volume fraction, radiation, Brinkman number, and suction/injection. Nusselt number, skin friction, and streamlining are also investigated, and the obtained results are shown using graphs and tables. The regression analysis, and correlation for the Nusselt number, and skin friction were also performed. The velocity profile decreases for Casson and Carreau fluid over a vertical plate while the magnetic field parameters increase. An increase in the magnetic parameter increases the Lorentz force, which produces the resistance to the flow of fluid, and this is how velocity decreases. The increase in magnetic field and heat radiation leads to a corresponding rise in entropy generation for both Carreau and Casson fluids. This entire research focuses on ternary hybrid nanofluids, which have numerous applications. Some of them are solar thermal, automobile, biomedical, electric cooling, and optical. This study focuses on biomedicine applications such as bone regeneration, diabetes management, imaging applications, antimicrobial agents, and diagnostic applications.