Can gender transformative agroecological interventions improve women's autonomy?

Although improving both the ecological and social conditions of agriculture are central pillars of agroecology, emerging empirical research has focused largely on exploring its ecological contributions. Key among the less studied social aspects is gender (in)equity. Drawing data from northern Malawi, this paper investigates the relationship between agroecology and women's autonomy in smallholder farming households. Overall, our findings showed participatory agroecology with a gender transformative lens can promote women's autonomy. Although there was no observed significant difference in women's autonomy at the baseline, women in agroecology practicing households (beta = 0.20, p < 0.05) had significantly higher autonomy than their counterparts in non-agroecology households at the endline. These findings suggests that the broader gender-transformative praxis of agroecology which emphasizes the engagement of both men and women in deliberative dialogue and community-led education on social inequalities can contribute to improving household gender relations. In the context of widespread gender inequality in sub-Saharan Africa, and the limits these inequalities have on agricultural development, our findings provide promising entry points for development policy and the emerging sub-field of feminist agroecology.