<i>In vivo</i> Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effect of Oil Extracted from <i>Sardinella maderensis </i>(Lowe, 1838) on Strain <i>Wistar</i> Rats

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death and disability, the main cause of which is hyperlipidemia. This work aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant <i>in vivo</i> potential of oil extracted from <i>Sardinella maderensis </i>on rats. The oil was extracted according to the method of Bligh and Dyer and underwent chemical analysis prior to in vivo assays. After studying <i>in vivo</i> the acute toxicity of <i>S. maderensis </i>oil, their antihyperlipidemic was assessed. Twenty-four male <i>Wistar</i> adult rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6 rats each. During a three-week experiment, group 1 was fed with standard laboratory diet (SLD); group 2 received SLD supplemented with boiled egg yolk (5 g/day/rat); group 3 was fed with SLD supplemented with <i>S. maderensis </i>oil (1 g/day/kg of body mass) and group 4 was fed with SLD supplemented with boiled egg yolk and <i>S. maderensis </i>oil. Liver, lung, kidney, adipose tissues and heart were later removed, weighted and analyzed. Some blood biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were also measured. Results showed that <i>S. maderensis</i> oil was siccative, good quality with a lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/Kg of CP and no signs of toxicity were observed. Hyperlipidemic diet increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) lipid profil, glycemia, uremia, activity of transaminase and γGT, oxidative stress in group 2 compared to other groups. Supplementation with <i>S. maderensis</i> oil significantly (p˂0.05) reduced Lee's index, weight gain and BMI by 8.12%, 26.33% and 19.11% respectively in group 4 compared with group 2. Supplementation with <i>S. maderensis</i> oil decreased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glycemia, proteinemia and increased levels of HDL-cholesterol in group 4 compared to group 2. Supplementation with <i>S. maderensis</i> oil significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TBARS levels by 54.36% and significantly (p < 0.05) increased GSH levels, SOD, CAT and PON-1 activity by 64.90%, 20.76%, 48.70% and 7.47 respectively in group 4 compared to group 2. This study shows that <i>S. maderensis</i> oil can be used in prevention of hyperlipidemia.