Observations from a constantly changing nearshore zone in a mixed sediment bay 

There has been limited exploration of the nearshore zone of mixed sediment beaches despite being widespread globally.  Our work aims to build a more complete picture of coastal change by looking at seabed evolution from the very upper reaches of the swash zone, down to the edge of the nearshore zone, at a variety of timescales. Bathymetry surveys, completed using both traditional and automated surface vessels collected single and multibeam sonar data over a 19-year period, were complimented by a shorter period of weekly radar sea surface roughness images which are indicative of nearshore bed morphology. Additionally, grab samples were collected from across the nearshore to show the bed sediments composition variation over a year, providing valuable insight on bed response to varying hydrodynamic conditions. Process based analysis gave long and cross shore drift rates to help understand the observed changes.  We found that the nearshore zone experiences significantly larger volumetric bed changes in comparison to the upper beach but were limited to approximately +/-0.3 m, which is equivalent to the upper error limits of the surveyed data. The depth of closure, a term used to mark the offshore point of no change over a defined time scale, varied across the mixed sediment bay at both seasonal  (ranging between –4.7 and –8.4 metres Ordnance Datum(mOD)) and decadal (ranging between –7.3 and –8.2 mOD) timescales, yet was consistently shallower than all predictive equations of this depth. Moreover, our results indicate a loss of volume in the nearshore zone over time which is coupled with a simultaneous steepening of the upper beach for two thirds of the frontage.  The observed steepening poses questions for the current ‘hold the line’ management strategy, which is achieved through active beach management works, and accommodation space.   Overall, our observations highlight the substantial sediment transport occurring within the predominantly sandy nearshore zone and demonstrate evidence of impacts to the upper shingle beach. Consequently, to ensure the sustainability of management practices in the upper beach, a comprehensive understanding of the nearshore dynamics becomes imperative. The presented findings emphasize the necessity of integrating nearshore considerations into coastal management strategies, providing a more holistic and effective approach to making sustainable management decisions.