Characterization of Volatile Flavor Compounds and Aroma Active Components in Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) across Various Cooking Methods

To investigate the impact of various cooking methods on the volatile aroma compounds of button mushroom, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) were utilized for aroma analysis. The results indicated that the E-nose was able to effectively distinguish between the samples prepared using different cooking methods. In the raw, steamed, boiled and baked samples, 37, 23, 33 and 35 volatiles were detected, respectively. The roasting process significantly contributed to the production of flavor compounds, giving button mushroom its distinctive flavor. Sixteen differential aromas were identified based on the p-value and VIP value. Additionally, the cluster analysis of differential aroma substances revealed a stronger odor similarity between the steamed and raw groups, consistent with the results of the OPLS-DA analysis of overall aroma components. Seven key aromas were identified through OAV analysis and omission experiments. In addition, 1-octen-3-one was identified as the main aroma component of cooked button mushroom. The findings of the study can be valuable for enhancing the flavor of cooked button mushroom.