Search for Continuous and Transient Neutrino Emission Associated with IceCube’s Highest-energy Tracks: An 11 yr Analysis
R. Abbasi,M. Ackermann,J. Adams,S. K. Agarwalla,J. A. Aguilar,M. Ahlers,J. M. Alameddine,N. M. Amin,K. Andeen,G. Anton,C. Argüelles,Y. Ashida,S. Athanasiadou,S. N. Axani,X. Bai,A. Balagopal V.,M. Baricevic,S. W. Barwick,V. Basu,R. Bay,J. J. Beatty,J. Becker Tjus,J. Beise,C. Bellenghi,C. Benning,S. BenZvi,D. Berley,E. Bernardini,D. Z. Besson,E. Blaufuss,S. Blot,F. Bontempo,J. Y. Book,C. Boscolo Meneguolo,S. Böser,O. Botner,J. Böttcher,E. Bourbeau,J. Braun,B. Brinson,J. Brostean-Kaiser,R. T. Burley,R. S. Busse,D. Butterfield,M. A. Campana,K. Carloni,E. G. Carnie-Bronca,S. Chattopadhyay,N. Chau,C. Chen,Z. Chen,D. Chirkin,S. Choi,B. A. Clark,S. Coenders,A. Coleman,G. H. Collin,A. Connolly,J. M. Conrad,P. Coppin,P. Correa,D. F. Cowen,P. Dave,C. De Clercq,J. J. DeLaunay,D. Delgado,S. Deng,K. Deoskar,A. Desai,P. Desiati,K. D. de Vries,G. de Wasseige,T. DeYoung,A. Diaz,J. C. Díaz-Vélez,M. Dittmer,A. Domi,H. Dujmovic,M. A. DuVernois,T. Ehrhardt,A. Eimer,P. Eller,E. Ellinger,S. El Mentawi,D. Elsässer,R. Engel,H. Erpenbeck,J. Evans,P. A. Evenson,K. L. Fan,K. Fang,K. Farrag,A. R. Fazely,A. Fedynitch,N. Feigl,S. Fiedlschuster,C. Finley,L. Fischer,D. Fox,A. Franckowiak,A. Fritz,P. Fürst,J. Gallagher,E. Ganster,A. Garcia,L. Gerhardt,A. Ghadimi,C. Glaser,T. Glauch,T. Glüsenkamp,N. Goehlke,J. G. Gonzalez,S. Goswami,D. Grant,S. J. Gray,O. Gries,S. Griffin,S. Griswold,K. M. Groth,C. Günther,P. Gutjahr,C. Haack,A. Hallgren,R. Halliday,L. Halve,F. Halzen,H. Hamdaoui,M. Ha Minh,K. Hanson,J. Hardin,A. A. Harnisch,P. Hatch,A. Haungs,K. Helbing,J. Hellrung,F. Henningsen,L. Heuermann,N. Heyer,S. Hickford,A. Hidvegi,C. Hill,G. C. Hill,K. D. Hoffman,S. Hori,K. Hoshina,W. Hou,T. Huber,K. Hultqvist,M. Hünnefeld,R. Hussain,K. Hymon,S. In,A. Ishihara,M. Jacquart,O. Janik,M. Jansson,G. S. Japaridze,M. Jeong,M. Jin,B. J. P. Jones,N. Kamp,D. Kang,W. Kang,X. Kang,A. Kappes,D. Kappesser,L. Kardum,T. Karg,M. Karl,A. Karle,A. Katil,U. Katz,M. Kauer,J. L. Kelley,A. Khatee Zathul,A. Kheirandish,J. Kiryluk,S. R. Klein,A. Kochocki,R. Koirala,H. Kolanoski,T. Kontrimas,L. Köpke,C. Kopper,D. J. Koskinen,P. Koundal,M. Kovacevich,M. Kowalski,T. Kozynets,J. Krishnamoorthi,K. Kruiswijk,E. Krupczak,A. Kumar,E. Kun,N. Kurahashi,N. Lad,C. Lagunas Gualda,M. Lamoureux,M. J. Larson,S. Latseva,F. Lauber,J. P. Lazar,J. W. Lee,K. Leonard DeHolton,A. Leszczyńska,M. Lincetto,Q. R. Liu,M. Liubarska,E. Lohfink,C. Love,C. J. Lozano Mariscal,L. Lu,F. Lucarelli,W. Luszczak,Y. Lyu,J. Madsen,K. B. M. Mahn,Y. Makino,E. Manao,S. Mancina,W. Marie Sainte,I. C. Mariş,S. Marka,Z. Marka,M. Marsee,I. Martinez-Soler,R. Maruyama,F. Mayhew,T. McElroy,F. McNally,J. V. Mead,K. Meagher,S. Mechbal,A. Medina,M. Meier,Y. Merckx,L. Merten,J. Micallef,J. Mitchell,T. Montaruli,R. W. Moore,Y. Morii,R. Morse,M. Moulai,T. Mukherjee,R. Naab,R. Nagai,M. Nakos,U. Naumann,J. Necker,A. Negi,M. Neumann,H. Niederhausen,M. U. Nisa,A. Noell,A. Novikov,S. C. Nowicki,A. Obertacke Pollmann,V. O’Dell,M. Oehler,B. Oeyen,A. Olivas,R. Orsoe,J. Osborn,E. O’Sullivan,H. Pandya,N. Park,G. K. Parker,E. N. Paudel,L. Paul,C. Pérez de los Heros,J. Peterson,S. Philippen,A. Pizzuto,M. Plum,A. Pontén,Y. Popovych,M. Prado Rodriguez,B. Pries,R. Procter-Murphy,G. T. Przybylski,C. Raab,J. Rack-Helleis,K. Rawlins,Z. Rechav,A. Rehman,P. Reichherzer,G. Renzi,E. Resconi,S. Reusch,W. Rhode,B. Riedel,A. Rifaie,E. J. Roberts,S. Robertson,S. Rodan,G. Roellinghoff,M. Rongen,C. Rott,T. Ruhe,L. Ruohan,D. Ryckbosch,I. Safa,J. Saffer,D. Salazar-Gallegos,P. Sampathkumar,S. E. Sanchez Herrera,A. Sandrock,M. Santander,S. Sarkar,S. Sarkar,J. Savelberg,P. Savina,M. Schaufel,H. Schieler,S. Schindler,L. Schlickmann,B. Schlüter,F. Schlüter,N. Schmeisser,T. Schmidt,J. Schneider,F. G. Schröder,L. Schumacher,G. Schwefer,S. Sclafani,D. Seckel,M. Seikh,S. Seunarine,R. Shah,S. Shefali,N. Shimizu,M. Silva,B. Skrzypek,B. Smithers,R. Snihur,J. Soedingrekso,A. Søgaard,D. Soldin,P. Soldin,G. Sommani,C. Spannfellner,G. M. Spiczak,C. Spiering,M. Stamatikos,T. Stanev,T. Stezelberger,T. Stürwald,T. Stuttard,G. W. Sullivan,I. Taboada,S. Ter-Antonyan,M. Thiesmeyer,W. G. Thompson,J. Thwaites,S. Tilav,K. Tollefson,C. Tönnis,S. Toscano,D. Tosi,A. Trettin,C. F. Tung,R. Turcotte,J. P. Twagirayezu,M. A. Unland Elorrieta,A. K. Upadhyay,K. Upshaw,A. Vaidyanathan,N. Valtonen-Mattila,J. Vandenbroucke,N. van Eijndhoven,D. Vannerom,J. van Santen,J. Vara,J. Veitch-Michaelis,M. Venugopal,M. Vereecken,S. Verpoest,D. Veske,A. Vijai,C. Walck,C. Weaver,P. Weigel,A. Weindl,J. Weldert,A. Y. Wen,C. Wendt,J. Werthebach,M. Weyrauch,N. Whitehorn,C. H. Wiebusch,D. R. Williams,L. Witthaus,A. Wolf,M. Wolf,G. Wrede,X. W. Xu,J. P. Yanez,E. Yildizci,S. Yoshida,R. Young,S. Yu,T. Yuan,Z. Zhang,P. Zhelnin,P. Zilberman,M. Zimmerman,IceCube Collaboration
The Astrophysical Journal（2024）
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摘要
IceCube alert events are neutrinos with a moderate-to-high probability of having astrophysical origin. In this study, we analyze 11 yr of IceCube data and investigate 122 alert events and a selection of high-energy tracks detected between 2009 and the end of 2021. This high-energy event selection (alert events + high-energy tracks) has an average probability of ≥0.5 of being of astrophysical origin. We search for additional continuous and transient neutrino emission within the high-energy events’ error regions. We find no evidence for significant continuous neutrino emission from any of the alert event directions. The only locally significant neutrino emission is the transient emission associated with the blazar TXS 0506+056, with a local significance of 3 σ , which confirms previous IceCube studies. When correcting for 122 test positions, the global p -value is 0.156 and compatible with the background hypothesis. We constrain the total continuous flux emitted from all 122 test positions at 100 TeV to be below 1.2 × 10 ^−15 (TeV cm ^2 s) ^−1 at 90% confidence assuming an E ^−2 spectrum. This corresponds to 4.5% of IceCube’s astrophysical diffuse flux. Overall, we find no indication that alert events in general are linked to lower-energetic continuous or transient neutrino emission.
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High energy astrophysics,Active galactic nuclei,Neutrino astronomy,Transient sources,Blazars
