One-step online analysis of antibiotics in highly saline seawater by nano-based slug-flow microextraction
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS(2024)
摘要
The transition to mass spectrometry (MS) in the analysis of antibiotics in the marine environment is highly desirable, particularly in the enhancement of sensitivity for high -salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater samples. However, the persistence of complex operational procedures poses substantial challenges to this transition. In this study, a rapid method for the online analysis of antibiotics in seawater samples via nano-electrospray ionization (nESI) MS based on slug -flow microextraction (SFME) has been proposed. Comparisons with other methods, complex laboratory setups for sample processing are now seamlessly integrated into a single online step, completing the entire process, including desalination and detection, SFME-nESI-MS provides faster results in less than 2 min while maintaining sensitivity comparable to that of other detection methods. Using SFME-nESI, six antibiotics in high -salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater samples have been determined in both positive and negative ion modes. The proposed method successfully detected clarithromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfadimidine in seawater within a linear range of 1-1000 ng mL-1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23, 0.06, and 0.28 ng mL-1, respectively. The method recovery was from 92.8% to 107.3%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 7.5%. In addition, the response intensity of SFME-nESI-treated high -salinity (3.5 wt%) samples surpassed that of untreated mediumsalinity (0.35 wt%) samples by two to five orders of magnitude. This advancement provides an exceptionally simplified protocol for the online rapid, highly sensitive, and quantitative determination of antibiotics in highsalinity (3.5 wt%) seawater.
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关键词
Liquid -phase microextraction,Ambient ionization mass spectrometry,Online detection,Marine contaminants,Quantitative analysis
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