Revolutionizing biosensing through cutting-edge nanomaterials: An in-depth exploration of recent technological advances

Nanomaterials with the ability to conjugate with biological ligands/molecules have been formulated in various forms and are used to recognize most biomolecules, including sugars, cholesterol, DNA and uric acid. Studies on the biomolecular interactions of nanomaterials are mandatory for sensing applications. Because of their large surface area, nanomaterials easily accommodate biomolecules, which gives them a greater recognition ability than bulk materials. Among all the proposed nanomaterials, graphene and gold nanomaterials are playing a central role in the biosensing field. In the field of nanotechnology, techniques with lower-cost laboratory equipment, like UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis, electrochemical analysis, Raman spectroscopy and colorimetric sensing, are utilized to study the sensing mediated by the nanomaterials. Biosensors have been widely attested for use in sensing enzymes, DNA, bacteria, cells, immuno-analysis and point of care. It is expected that point-of-care biosensors will detect the earlier stages of cancer progression in the near term. Several patents related to biosensors indicate the growth and trend of this field with great future prospects.