Electrochemical oxidation processes based on renewable energy towards carbon neutrality: Oxidation fundamentals, catalysts, challenges and prospects

Compared with conventional wastewater treatment processes, electrochemical oxidation processes (EOPs) can remove hazardous substances from wastewater more efficiently and without pollution. With the rapid development of green power technology, there are more development prospects for EOPs in wastewater treatment. In recent years, research related to EOPs in the field of wastewater treatment has flourished, numerous researchers have reviewed the last advances. However, the key challenges and future directions of EOPs in the context of carbon neutrality are still under-analyzed. In this review, we first summarize the oxidation mechanism and various control factors of EOPs. Then, we discuss the current development status of current and emerging electrode materials, and summarize their commonly used evaluation criteria and systems. Finally, based on the above review, we analyze the key challenges faced by EOPs in theoretical research and practical applications, and propose potential directions for the development of EOPs in wastewater treatment to meet the growing demand for carbon neutrality. We believe that this review will offer crucial guidance and reference to enhance the application and dissemination of EOPs in organic wastewater treatment.