Financial Toxicity and Its Risk Factors Among Patients with Cancer in China: A Nationwide Multisite Study

Objective We assessed financial toxicity (FT) among Chinese patients with cancer and investigated associated risk factors guided by a multilevel conceptual framework. Methods Employing multistage stratified sampling, we selected six tertiary and six secondary hospitals across three economically diverse provinces in China. From February to October 2022, 1,208 patients with cancer participated. FT was measured using the Comprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST), with 28 potential risk factors identified at multilevel. Multiple regression analysis was employed for risk factor identification. Results FT prevalence was 82.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.5%, 84.8%), with high FT (COST score≤18.5) observed in 40.9% of participants (95% CI: 38.1%, 43.7%). Significant risk factors included younger age at cancer diagnosis, unmarried status, low annual household income, negative impact of cancer on participants’ or family caregiver’s work, advanced cancer stage, longer hospital stay for cancer treatment or treatment-related side effects, high perceived stress, poor emotional/informational support, lack of social medical insurance or having urban and rural resident basic medical insurance, lack of commercial medical insurance, tertiary hospital treatment, and inadequate cost discussions with healthcare providers (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Cancer-related FT is prevalent in China, contributing to disparities in cancer care access and health-related outcomes. The risk factors associated with cancer-related FT encompasses multilevel, including patient/family, provider/practice, and payer/policy levels. There is an urgent need for collective efforts by patients, healthcare providers, policymakers, and insurers to safeguard the financial security and well-being of individuals affected by cancer, promoting health equities in the realm of cancer care.