Universal Growth of Perovskite Thin Monocrystals from High Solute Flux for Sensitive Self-Driven X-ray Detection

Metal-halide perovskite thin monocrystals featuring efficient carrier collection and transport capabilities are well suited for radiation detectors, yet their growth in a generic, well-controlled manner remains challenging. Here, we reveal that mass transfer is one major limiting factor during solution growth of perovskite thin monocrystals. A general approach is developed to overcome synthetic limitation by using a high solute flux system, in which mass diffusion coefficient is improved from 1.7x10-10 to 5.4x10-10 m2 s-1 by suppressing monomer aggregation. The generality of this approach is validated by the synthesis of 29 types of perovskite thin monocrystals at 40-90 degrees C with the growth velocity up to 27.2 mu m min-1. The as-grown perovskite monocrystals deliver a high X-ray sensitivity of 1.74x105 mu C Gy-1 cm-2 without applied bias. The findings regarding limited mass transfer and high-flux crystallization are crucial towards advancing the preparation and application of perovskite thin monocrystals. Liu et al. report a universal solution growth method for perovskite thin monocrystals by improving the mass transfer in the high solute flux system. The approach is applied to 29 types of perovskites with growth velocity up to 27.2 mu m min-1 and enables efficient self-driven X-ray detectors.