Water regime and fertilizer-phosphorus source effects on greenhouse gas emissions from rice
AGROSYSTEMS GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT(2024)
摘要
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa) systems have been correlated to water management practice, but to date, no study has directly evaluated three main GHGs (i.e., methane [CH4], nitrous oxide [N2O], and carbon dioxide [CO2]) under flood- and furrow-irrigated conditions at the same time as affected by various fertilizer-phosphorus (P) sources, in particular the reportedly slow-release struvite-P source. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water regime (flooded and furrow-irrigated) and fertilizer-P source (diammonium phosphate, chemically precipitated struvite, electrochemically precipitated struvite [ECST], triple superphosphate, and an unamended control) on GHG emissions and two- and three-gas global warming potentials (GWP* and GWP, respectively) in the greenhouse. Methane emissions were 10 times greater (p < 0.05) under flooded (29.4 kg CH4 ha(-1) season(-1)) than under furrow-irrigated conditions (2.9 kg CH4 ha(-1) season(-1)), and four times lower (p < 0.05) with ECST (3.4 kg CH4 ha(-1) season(-1)) than other fertilizer-P sources, while CO2 emissions were three times greater (p < 0.05) under furrow-irrigated (23,428 kg CO2 ha(-1) season(-1)) than under flooded (8290 kg CO2 ha(-1) season(-1)) conditions. The GWP* under furrow-irrigated conditions was almost 40% lower (p < 0.05) than under flooded conditions. Although N2O emissions were unaffected by fertilizer-P source, the N2O contribution to GWP* was more than 80% under furrow-irrigated conditions. Flood- and furrow-irrigated water regimes require diversified approaches in GHG mitigation, where the best management for ECST needs to be more fully evaluated.
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