Spent ion-exchange resin as a new aggregate to enhance specific heat capacity of composite building materials: A case study on gypsum plaster

Spent ion exchange resin (SIER) is a by-product derived from drinking water treatment plants, possessing intriguing physicochemical properties that render it a promising ingredient for composite building materials. Surprisingly, there has been a luck of research investigating its impact on the performance of such materials. This study addresses this gap by characterizing unfired and fired gypsum-based composites with varying SIER weight ratios (10-50 wt%) and firing temperatures (300, 600, and 900 degrees C). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the hot disk method were employed to explore the effects of SIER on the composites' thermalmechanical features. The results revealed the significance of SIER as a promising waste-based aggregate to enhance the specific heat capacity (cp) of gypsum-based composites. With increasing SIER content and firing temperature, the composites demonstrate improved cp, reduced thermal conductivity, and decreased compressive strength. Both unfired and fired composites exhibited an increase in cp, up to 74.4% and 331.8%, respectively. The composite material achieved a noteworthy reduction in thermal conductivity, reaching 0.132 W/m.K, and a specific heat capacity increase to 4491.35 J/kg.K, which surpasses that of the control sample by more than four times (1040 J/kg.K). These newly developed composites hold significant promise as thermal energy storage materials for low-temperature building applications.