Development of Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors for Smart Intergated Packaging of Beverages

We present the development of a non-enzymatic glucose sensor integrated within the packaging of beverages, such as fruit juices, using modified gold electrodes. The primary aim of this research is to enable real-time and non-invasive glucose concentration detection in beverages like apple juice through non-invasive electrochemical techniques. The sensor modification involved cyclic voltammetry-based deposition of gold nanoparticles onto a bare gold electrode surface. The electrochemical response, reusability, and sensitivity of the sensor towards glucose detection are presented. Performance evaluation was carried out using glucose solutions of known concentration in acidic (2.1 pH) and neutral solutions to simulate glucose as a candidate biomarker. The results demonstrate encouraging potential and indicate the possibility of reusability. This novel smart packaging can be considered for estimating glucose and other analytes in beverages for real-time quality conscious consumers. The proposed sensor also holds other practical implications for the food and beverage industry, offering rapid, non-invasive, real-time monitoring capabilities within the context of smart packaging at various nodes of the food supply chain.