A 69MHz-Bandwidth 40 $V/\mu$ s-Slew-Rate 3n $V/\surd{Hz}$ -Noise 4.5 $\mu$ V-Offset Chopper Operational Amplifier

This paper presents a chopper-stabilized three-stage operational amplifier (OpAmp) with a unity gain bandwidth of 69 MHz and an input referred noise density of 3 nV $/\surd{Hz}$ . The proposed design achieves a stable unity gain by proposing a new pole and zero scheme with very low power consumption, drawing only 3.3 mA from a 1.8 V power supply while driving a load capacitor as large as 100pF. To achieve rail-to-rail input swing, the design uses both NMOS and PMOS differential pairs at the input and biases them in the subthreshold region to provide an identical net trans-conductance over the rail-to-rail input common mode. Furthermore, an adaptive biasing is employed and the current sources are kept ON during large signal transitions at the input, thus eliminating crossover distortion and providing a high slew rate of 40 V/ $\mu$ s at a 100 pF load capacitor. The design employs chopping at 2.5 MHz and is enhanced with a local ripple reduction loop, making the OpAmp suitable for high gain and wide bandwidth applications with less filtering required. The design also reduces the input bias current significantly from 500 nA to 1.5 nA by buffering the input and applying it to the modified bootstrap switches. The proposed OpAmp, fabricated in a 0.18 $\mu$ m CMOS process, exhibits a maximum offset of 4.5 $\mu$ V, a flicker noise corner frequency of 246 Hz, a DC gain of 146 dB, a power supply rejection ratio of 123 dB, and a common mode rejection ratio of 116 dB.