Carrier-Free RFID: Using Modulated Noise Communication to Read UHF RFID Tags

In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to read UHF RFID tags without a carrier. Specifically, we introduce an alternative reader design that does not emit a carrier and allows reading RFID tags intended for conventional carrier-based systems. While traditional RFID tags modulate a carrier, it is important to note that a modulation circuit used for backscatter also modulates the inherent noise of the tag circuitry, including the Johnson noise, irrespective of whether a carrier is present or not. Our Modulated Noise Communication (MNC) approach leverages recent work on Modulated Johnson Noise (MJN) and can be read by an alternative RFID reader design that enables simpler, more accessible RFID readings than a conventional backscatter reader by eliminating self-jamming obstructions. MNC is shown to support wireless transmission of data packets between 2 cm to 10 cm of separation between a standard UHF RFID tag and the proposed alternative reader for data rates of 1 bps and 2 bps.