The STAT3 inhibitor B9 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through its anti-inflammatory effects

The development of acute lung injury (ALI), a common respiratory condition with multiple causes, is significantly influenced by the pro-inflammatory environment of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in macrophages. Our study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of B9 (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonamide), a novel inhibitor targeting the STAT3 SH2 domain, in macrophages and to assess its therapeutic potential for ALI using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. We found that B9 (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced lung pathological damage and neutrophil infiltration caused by the intratracheal administration of LPS. Additionally, the high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in alveolar lavage fluid was also inhibited by B9 treatment. The decreased expression of CD86 and increased CD206 in lung tissue demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of B9, which was due to its inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophages of ALI mice. Furthermore, B9 suppressed the activation of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, characterized by its ability to inhibit the activation of iNOS and STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner, as well as reduce the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β. The in vivo preliminary safety evaluation indicated that B9 had a favorable safety profile at the administered doses. These results suggest that B9 exerts a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced ALI, potentially by preventing the phosphorylation of STAT3 Y705 and S727 without affecting the STAT3 protein level. Taken together, these findings provide a foundation for developing B9 as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for ameliorating LPS-induced ALI.