Landslide-induced tsunami simulation based on progressive landslide-shallow water equation coupling model: 1946 Aleutian tsunami case

Impulse waves result from submarine or subaerial landslides colliding with water. To model this multiphase disaster, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex processes and interactions involved. Achieving accurate simulations over a wide area is computationally demanding and presents a significant challenge. In this paper, we analyze the 1946 Aleutian tsunami to assess the effectiveness of various models: SNAKE (rigid landslide model), Ls-Rapid (progressive landslide model advocated by the International Consortium on Landslides), and the Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami model. We integrate these models using Fortran, presenting two approaches: RL-SWE (rigid landslide-shallow water equations) and PL-SWE (progressive landslide-shallow water equations). The RL-SWE model assumes a rigid semi-ellipsoid sliding mass, while the PL-SWE model considers progressive failure. We conducted computational simulations and validated the results using observed data. Significantly, the PL-SWE model outperformed LS-Tsunami (linked to Ls-Rapid) in simulating submarine landslide-generated waves. This demonstrates the practicality of using the PL-SWE model for large-scale landslide-generated impulse wave simulations.